The popular dry fruit "chilgoza" is produced by:

Select the feature that distinguishes $Gnetum$ from $Cycas$ and $Pinus$ and shows affinities with angiosperms.

Plants in which seeds develop on sporophylls and are not enclosed by fruits are classified as -

Three generations one within the other are present in the seeds of

Consider the following statements regarding gymnosperms and choose the correct option.
$I.$ In gymnosperms,the male and female gametophytes have an independent existence.
$II.$ The multicellular female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium.
$III.$ The gymnosperms are heterosporous.
Of these statements:

The gametophyte is not an independent,free-living generation in